![]() came from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burma, and Ukraine. In 2019, the largest proportion of refugee arrivals in the U.S. Developing robust and agile clinical interventions has been challenging not only due to language barriers and cultural differences, but also due to the unique forms of trauma and violence that each refugee community and each refugee individual faces. Įven though the refugee population continues to grow and continues to be recognized as a vulnerable population, there is still little guidance on how clinicians can best meet the needs of refugees. Refugees are also at an overall higher risk of adverse health outcomes due to the structural barriers they face in host countries. Studies have shown that refugees experience more types of trauma compared to American-born individuals and other immigrants, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at higher rates compared to other immigrants and Vietnam war veterans, and experience higher rates of chronic disease compared to other immigrants. Refugees face a “triple burden” of infectious diseases, mental health disorders, and non-communicable diseases, compounded by an additional triple burden of exposures to trauma before, during, and after migration-a defined risk factor for poor long-term health outcomes. However, despite an increasing visibility of refugees in academic and political discourse, refugees remain some of the most vulnerable public health populations. ![]() There have also been proposals to raise the annual federal refugee admission ceiling from 15,000 in FY2021 to as high as 125,000 in FY2022. has received some of the largest numbers of asylum applications worldwide. Since the enactment of the Refugee Act of 1980, the United States (U.S.) has accepted more than 3.8 million refugees and asylees, and in recent years, the U.S. This included more than 20 million refugees, forced to flee their country and unable to return in fear of persecution. Developing stronger guidelines for trauma-informed care will help clinicians better provide inclusive and equitable care for refugee patients.Īt the end of 2019, more than 79 million people across the globe were forcibly displaced due to war, persecution, or violent conflict. Trauma-informed care is a critical component of health care. It has been challenging to develop robust clinical interventions due to the cumulative and cyclic effects of trauma, as well as the unique experiences of trauma that each refugee community and each refugee individual faces. Refugees experience a cycle of trauma, violence, and distress that begins before migration and continues during migration and after resettlement. This paper provides a general review of literature on the trauma and violence that refugees face, the impact on health outcomes, and some of the promising models for clinical intervention. However, the number of robust clinical interventions has not kept apace. ![]() The number of refugees across the globe continues to grow, leaving a large proportion of the global population in a vulnerable state of health.
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